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Have you ever wondered how sunlight can be transformed directly into electricity? As the world moves toward cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, photovoltaic (PV) technology has become one of the most important innovations driving the global energy transition.

Photovoltaic technology refers to the process of converting sunlight into electrical energy using semiconductor materials. The photovoltaic effect was first discovered in 1839 by French physicist Alexandre Edmond Becquerel, who observed that certain materials could generate electricity when exposed to light. However, practical solar cells were not developed until the 1950s, when researchers at Bell Laboratories created the first efficient silicon solar cell. Since then, photovoltaic systems have evolved significantly, becoming more efficient, affordable, and widely used in homes, businesses, industries, and large-scale solar farms worldwide.